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science of course remains the name of

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the game aboard the international space

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station and we've all heard the saying

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you are what you eat

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well there's several space station

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experiments that have looked into what

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crews are eating and how their diet may

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affect things such as bone loss muscle

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loss and also vision issues or problems

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in order to do that samples are

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collected on orbit of blood and urine

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periodically when those are returned to

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earth those samples have to go someplace

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and that place is where we find my

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colleague lori meggs who visited one of

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our labs here at the johnson space

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center to learn more about nutrition and

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biochemistry

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we're talking blood and urine today

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nobody likes to talk about it but dr

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scott smith has to deal with it when the

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samples come back from the space station

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they come to this lab tell us about that

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well we

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we are the nutritional biochemistry lab

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and

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i usually like to draw the distinction

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that there's a food lab here at nasa

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that makes the food

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we are not the food lab we are the

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nutrition lab um and our job is to

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understand the nutritional requirements

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of the body

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and what the body needs how much calcium

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how much iron how much zinc how much

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protein

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and the way we get at that is by looking

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at

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blood and urine samples by collecting

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blood in urine it can tell us

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what's going on in the body what your

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bones are doing what your muscles doing

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fuel homeostasis lots of things

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come out of blood and urine and there's

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a lot of things to learn from that and

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the difference in microgravity that's on

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earth absolutely so how do you do that

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well

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a lot of the basic sample processing

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happens in this lab

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when we collect samples on earth before

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and after flight

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the crews will carry around a bag that

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has bottles in it for their urine

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we'll go meet up with them and stick a

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needle in them and collect some blood

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and that all comes back here for

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processing

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when we collect urine and blood in

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flight the blood collection is the same

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thing um

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again it's a needle some tubes

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sometimes the crews will draw their own

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blood which gets interesting because

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they will

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we train them ahead of time

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and they will voluntarily decide to

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stick themselves um which has worked out

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really really well we've been

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collecting blood for a little over for

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almost 10 years um onboard space station

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um

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and uh the crews have done phenomenally

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well now i would think the urine is a

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little trickier though the urine is a

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little trickier i would say we've had a

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lot of folks collect urine in flight not

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one of them has come back and said

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that's a great way to collect hearing

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when the crews go to the bathroom there

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is a toilet on board obviously

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but that that all goes inside the toilet

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at home it all goes into a main dump

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area that if you want to sample it

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you're out of luck

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so when we do experiments what we have

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to do is the crew uses

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these devices

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and this is what's called a urine

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collection device

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it's just a plastic type bag

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what happens is the crew will void into

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the bag

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lithium chloride which is just a

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chemical salt

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and we add that lithium chloride a small

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amount of it to the bag before it flies

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we do that in the lab two doors down

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well what happens is we can't bring this

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whole bag back

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so the crew will void into the bag

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they'll mix the urine by pressing on the

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bag so the lithium chloride gets mixed

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in with the urine

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and what happens is i'll take one of

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these syringes

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and then out of the other end of the bag

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they will take the lid off the syringe

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pop it in this little rubber opening

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here

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and we'll then withdraw a urine sample

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and easy as that easy as that and

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they'll put the cap back on here

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this gets pulled out to the end and then

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the white piece breaks off

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and this syringe part is what goes in

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the freezer

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space station until

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there's a spacex vehicle coming home

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realize that when they void into this

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bag

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typically they collect three of these

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syringes out of that bag

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because this supports not only our

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experiment but a number of other

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experiments so

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um we do take a little bit more out of

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each void okay so let's talk about your

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experiments you've finished a nutrition

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experiment you've finished a pro k

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experiment tell us about that and then

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the biochem that's the big one that's

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going on indeed um well the nutrition

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study that we finished was was literally

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uh simple let's collect blood and urine

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and see what happens during flight um

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that went very well and what happened

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when that one ended is there was a

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decision

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to

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and that's what the biochemical profile

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study is and we're looking

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for that to give us a broad

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broad look at

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crew biochemistry

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that we can then relate to changes in

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diet changes and exercise changes in

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other countermeasures that we're testing

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on space station so we provide

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information to the space station program

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and a lot of the other scientists that

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have studies going on on station so how

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does this all relate to us on earth

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though

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um well you know it it depends on on

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each facet but i would tell you that in

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my opinion

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everything we do in space relates in one

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way or the other to what's happening on

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earth

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you mentioned the pro case study which

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is a study we're looking at

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to modify the diet to help mitigate bone

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loss and what we're specifically trying

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to do

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is to decrease the amount of animal

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protein people consume and increase the

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amount of fruits and vegetables people

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consume

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and we think that by doing those two

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things

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and that is the ratio of those two

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things

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that you'll lose less bone

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so we we fed the crews different diets

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collected blood and urine and are now

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looking at how the diet affected that

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metabolism now

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that relates obviously

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to all of us here on earth

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and will help us better understand the

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relationship of diet with bone

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and you know the people that make the

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dietary recommendations for

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americans

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read our scientific papers as they do

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many other scientific papers and we

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contribute to that body of knowledge

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that helps them make decisions that

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affect

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everybody i know you have a lot of

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samples to get to so we're going to let